方法一、通过 dockerfile 构建

创建dockerfile

首先，创建目录python,用于存放后面的相关东西。

w3cschool@w3cschool:~$ mdkir -p ~/python ~/python/myapp

myapp目录将映射为python容器配置的应用目录

进入创建的python目录，创建dockerfile

from buildpack-deps:jessie

# remove several traces of debian python
run apt-get purge -y python.*

# http://bugs.python.org/issue19846
# > at the moment, setting "lang=c" on a linux system *fundamentally breaks python 3*, and that's not ok.
env lang c.utf-8

# gpg: key f73c700d: public key "larry hastings <larry@hastings.org>" imported
env gpg_key 97fc712e4c024bbea48a61ed3a5ca953f73c700d

env python_version 3.5.1

# if this is called "pip_version", pip explodes with "valueerror: invalid truth value '<version>'"
env python_pip_version 8.1.2

run set -ex \
        && curl -fsl "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${python_version%%[a-z]*}/python-$python_version.tar.xz" -o python.tar.xz \
        && curl -fsl "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${python_version%%[a-z]*}/python-$python_version.tar.xz.asc" -o python.tar.xz.asc \
        && export gnupghome="$(mktemp -d)" \
        && gpg --keyserver ha.pool.sks-keyservers.net --recv-keys "$gpg_key" \
        && gpg --batch --verify python.tar.xz.asc python.tar.xz \
        && rm -r "$gnupghome" python.tar.xz.asc \
        && mkdir -p /usr/src/python \
        && tar -xjc /usr/src/python --strip-components=1 -f python.tar.xz \
        && rm python.tar.xz \
        \
        && cd /usr/src/python \
        && ./configure --enable-shared --enable-unicode=ucs4 \
        && make -j$(nproc) \
        && make install \
        && ldconfig \
        && pip3 install --no-cache-dir --upgrade --ignore-installed pip==$python_pip_version \
        && find /usr/local -depth \
                \( \
                    \( -type d -a -name test -o -name tests \) \
                    -o \
                    \( -type f -a -name '*.pyc' -o -name '*.pyo' \) \
                \) -exec rm -rf '{}' + \
        && rm -rf /usr/src/python ~/.cache

# make some useful symlinks that are expected to exist
run cd /usr/local/bin \
        && ln -s easy_install-3.5 easy_install \
        && ln -s idle3 idle \
        && ln -s pydoc3 pydoc \
        && ln -s python3 python \
        && ln -s python3-config python-config

cmd ["python3"]

通过dockerfile创建一个镜像，替换成你自己的名字

w3cschool@w3cschool:~/python$ docker build -t python:3.5 .

创建完成后，我们可以在本地的镜像列表里查找到刚刚创建的镜像

w3cschool@w3cschool:~/python$ docker images python:3.5 
repository          tag                 image id            created             size
python              3.5              045767ddf24a        9 days ago          684.1 mb

方法二、docker pull python:3.5

查找docker hub上的python镜像

w3cschool@w3cschool:~/python$ docker search python
name                           description                        stars     official   automated
python                         python is an interpreted,...       982       [ok]       
kaggle/python                  docker image for python...         33                   [ok]
azukiapp/python                docker image to run python ...     3                    [ok]
vimagick/python                mini python                                  2          [ok]
tsuru/python                   image for the python ...           2                    [ok]
pandada8/alpine-python         an alpine based python image                 1          [ok]
1science/python                python docker images based on ...  1                    [ok]
lucidfrontier45/python-uwsgi   python with uwsgi                  1                    [ok]
orbweb/python                  python image                       1                    [ok]
pathwar/python                 python template for pathwar levels 1                    [ok]
rounds/10m-python              python, setuptools and pip.        0                    [ok]
ruimashita/python              ubuntu 14.04 python                0                    [ok]
tnanba/python                  python on centos-7 image.          0                    [ok]

这里我们拉取官方的镜像,标签为3.5

w3cschool@w3cschool:~/python$ docker pull python:3.5

等待下载完成后，我们就可以在本地镜像列表里查到repository为python,标签为3.5的镜像。

使用python镜像

在~/python/myapp目录下创建一个 helloworld.py 文件，代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/python

print("hello, world!");

运行容器

w3cschool@w3cschool:~/python$ docker run  -v $pwd/myapp:/usr/src/myapp  -w /usr/src/myapp python:3.5 python helloworld.py

命令说明：

-v $pwd/myapp:/usr/src/myapp :将主机中当前目录下的myapp挂载到容器的/usr/src/myapp

-w /usr/src/myapp :指定容器的/usr/src/myapp目录为工作目录

python helloworld.py :使用容器的python命令来执行工作目录中的helloworld.py文件

输出结果：

hello, world!