我们已经知道mysql使用 sql select 命令及 where 子句来读取数据表中的数据,但是当提供的查询条件字段为 null 时,该命令可能就无法正常工作。
为了处理这种情况,mysql提供了三大运算符:
关于 null 的条件比较运算是比较特殊的。你不能使用 = null 或 != null 在列中查找 null 值 。
在mysql中,null值与任何其它值的比较(即使是null)永远返回false,即 null = null 返回false 。
mysql中处理null使用is null和is not null运算符。
以下实例中假设数据库 w3cschool 中的表 tcount_tbl 含有两列 w3cschool_author 和 w3cschool_count, w3cschool_count 中设置插入null值。
尝试以下实例:
root@host# mysql -u root -p password; enter password:******* mysql> use w3cschool; database changed mysql> create table tcount_tbl -> ( -> w3cschool_author varchar(40) not null, -> w3cschool_count int -> ); query ok, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) mysql> insert into tcount_tbl -> (w3cschool_author, w3cschool_count) values ('mahran', 20); mysql> insert into tcount_tbl -> (w3cschool_author, w3cschool_count) values ('mahnaz', null); mysql> insert into tcount_tbl -> (w3cschool_author, w3cschool_count) values ('jen', null); mysql> insert into tcount_tbl -> (w3cschool_author, w3cschool_count) values ('gill', 20); mysql> select * from tcount_tbl; +-----------------+----------------+ | w3cschool_author | w3cschool_count | +-----------------+----------------+ | mahran | 20 | | mahnaz | null | | jen | null | | gill | 20 | +-----------------+----------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
以下实例中你可以看到 = 和 != 运算符是不起作用的:
mysql> select * from tcount_tbl where w3cschool_count = null; empty set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from tcount_tbl where w3cschool_count != null; empty set (0.01 sec)
查找数据表中 w3cschool_count 列是否为 null,必须使用is null和is not null,如下实例:
mysql> select * from tcount_tbl -> where w3cschool_count is null; +-----------------+----------------+ | w3cschool_author | w3cschool_count | +-----------------+----------------+ | mahnaz | null | | jen | null | +-----------------+----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from tcount_tbl -> where w3cschool_count is not null; +-----------------+----------------+ | w3cschool_author | w3cschool_count | +-----------------+----------------+ | mahran | 20 | | gill | 20 | +-----------------+----------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
php脚本中你可以在 if...else 语句来处理变量是否为空,并生成相应的条件语句。
以下实例中php设置了$w3cschool_count变量,然后使用该变量与数据表中的 w3cschool_count 字段进行比较:
<?php $dbhost = 'localhost:3036'; $dbuser = 'root'; $dbpass = 'rootpassword'; $conn = mysql_connect($dbhost, $dbuser, $dbpass); if(! $conn ) { die('could not connect: ' . mysql_error()); } if( isset($w3cschool_count )) { $sql = 'select w3cschool_author, w3cschool_count from tcount_tbl where w3cschool_count = $w3cschool_count'; } else { $sql = 'select w3cschool_author, w3cschool_count from tcount_tbl where w3cschool_count is $w3cschool_count'; } mysql_select_db('w3cschool'); $retval = mysql_query( $sql, $conn ); if(! $retval ) { die('could not get data: ' . mysql_error()); } while($row = mysql_fetch_array($retval, mysql_assoc)) { echo "author:{$row['w3cschool_author']} <br> ". "count: {$row['w3cschool_count']} <br> ". "--------------------------------<br>"; } echo "fetched data successfully\n"; mysql_close($conn); ?>