前面几篇文章已经讲到了mybatis与spring 的集成。目前主流的web mvc框架,除了struts这个主力外,还有spring mvc,主要是由于 spring mvc 配置比较简单,使用起来也十分明了,非常灵活,与spring 集成较好,对 restful api 的支持也比 struts 要好。所以spring mvc在一定程度上有一定的优势。
mybatis是ibatis的升级版,作为hibernate的老对手,它是一个可以自定义sql、存储过程和高级映射的持久层框架。
与hibernate 的主要区别就是 mybatis 是半自动化的,而 hibernate 是全自动的,所以当应用需求越来越复杂的时候,自动化的 sql 显得比较笨拙。
经常搭框架的人应该都清楚,框架搭建的核心就是配置文件。
在这里我们需要创建 web 工程。今天将直接用 mybatis与spring mvc 的方式集成起来,源码在本文结尾处下载.主要有以下几个方面的配置。
整个mybatis与spring mvc 示例要完成的步骤如下:
1、示例功能描述
2、创建工程
3、数据库表结构及数据记录
4、实例对象
5、配置文件
6、测试执行,输出结果
在本示例中,需要使用 mybatis和spring mvc整合完成这样的一个简单功能,即指定一个用户(id=1),查询出这个用户关联的所有订单。
在本示例中,用到两个表:用户表和订单表,其结构和数据记录如下:
create table `user` ( `id` int(10) unsigned not null auto_increment, `username` varchar(64) not null default '', `mobile` varchar(16) not null default '', primary key (`id`) ) engine=innodb auto_increment=3 default charset=utf8; -- ---------------------------- -- records of user -- ---------------------------- insert into `user` values ('1', 'h3', '13838009988'); insert into `user` values ('2', 'saya', '13838009988');订单表结构和数据如下:
create table `order` ( `order_id` int(10) unsigned not null auto_increment, `user_id` int(10) unsigned not null default '0', `order_no` varchar(16) not null default '', `money` float(10,2) unsigned default '0.00', primary key (`order_id`) ) engine=innodb auto_increment=17 default charset=utf8; -- ---------------------------- -- records of order -- ---------------------------- insert into `order` values ('1', '1', '1509289090', '99.90'); insert into `order` values ('2', '1', '1519289091', '290.80'); insert into `order` values ('3', '1', '1509294321', '919.90'); insert into `order` values ('4', '1', '1601232190', '329.90'); insert into `order` values ('5', '1', '1503457384', '321.00'); insert into `order` values ('6', '1', '1598572382', '342.00'); insert into `order` values ('7', '1', '1500845727', '458.00'); insert into `order` values ('8', '1', '1508458923', '1200.00'); insert into `order` values ('9', '1', '1504538293', '2109.00'); insert into `order` values ('10', '1', '1932428723', '5888.00'); insert into `order` values ('11', '1', '2390423712', '3219.00'); insert into `order` values ('12', '1', '4587923992', '123.00'); insert into `order` values ('13', '1', '4095378812', '421.00'); insert into `order` values ('14', '1', '9423890127', '678.00'); insert into `order` values ('15', '1', '7859213249', '7689.00'); insert into `order` values ('16', '1', '4598450230', '909.20');
用户表和订单表分别对应两个实例对象,分别是:user.java 和 order.java,它们都在 com.h3.pojo 包中。
user.java代码内容如下:
package com.h3.pojo; import java.util.list; /** * @describe: user * @author: h3 * @version: v1.0 * @copyright http://www.h3.com */ public class user { private int id; private string username; private string mobile; public int getid() { return id; } public void setid(int id) { this.id = id; } public string getusername() { return username; } public void setusername(string username) { this.username = username; } public string getmobile() { return mobile; } public void setmobile(string mobile) { this.mobile = mobile; } }
order.java代码内容如下:
package com.h3.pojo; /** * @describe: user - 订单 * @author: h3 * @version: v1.0 * @copyright http://www.h3.com */ public class order { private int orderid; private string orderno; private float money; private int userid; private user user; public int getuserid() { return userid; } public void setuserid(int userid) { this.userid = userid; } public int getorderid() { return orderid; } public void setorderid(int orderid) { this.orderid = orderid; } public user getuser() { return user; } public void setuser(user user) { this.user = user; } public string getorderno() { return orderno; } public void setorderno(string orderno) { this.orderno = orderno; } public float getmoney() { return money; } public void setmoney(float money) { this.money = money; } }
这个实例中有三个重要的配置文件,它们分别是:applicationcontext.xml , configuration.xml 以及 usermaper.xml。
applicationcontext.xml 配置文件里最主要的配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xsi:schemalocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd" default-autowire="byname" default-lazy-init="false"> <!--本示例采用dbcp连接池,应预先把dbcp的jar包复制到工程的lib目录下。 --> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:/config/database.properties" /> <bean id="datasource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.basicdatasource" destroy-method="close" p:driverclassname="com.mysql.jdbc.driver" p:url="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/h3?characterencoding=utf8" p:username="root" p:password="" p:maxactive="10" p:maxidle="10"> </bean> <bean id="transactionmanager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.datasourcetransactionmanager"> <property name="datasource" ref="datasource" /> </bean> <bean id="sqlsessionfactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.sqlsessionfactorybean"> <!--datasource属性指定要用到的连接池--> <property name="datasource" ref="datasource" /> <!--configlocation属性指定mybatis的核心配置文件--> <property name="configlocation" value="classpath:config/configuration.xml" /> <!-- 所有配置的mapper文件 --> <property name="mapperlocations" value="classpath*:com/h3/mapepr/*.xml" /> </bean> <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.mapperscannerconfigurer"> <property name="basepackage" value="com.h3.maper" /> </bean> </beans>配置文件 configuration.xml 的内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!doctype configuration public "-//mybatis.org//dtd config 3.0//en" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"> <configuration> <typealiases> <typealias alias="user" type="com.h3.pojo.user"/> <typealias alias="order" type="com.h3.pojo.order"/> </typealiases> <!-- 与spring 集成之后,这些可以完全删除,数据库连接的管理交给 spring 去管理 --> <!-- <environments default="development"> <environment id="development"> <transactionmanager type="jdbc"/> <datasource type="pooled"> <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.driver"/> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mybatis?characterencoding=utf8" /> <property name="username" value="root"/> <property name="password" value="password"/> </datasource> </environment> </environments> --> <!-- 这里交给sqlsessionfactory 的 mapperlocations属性去得到所有配置信息 --> <!-- <mappers> <mapper resource="com/yihaomen/mapper/user.xml"/> </mappers> --> </configuration>
usermaper.xml 用于定义查询和数据对象映射,其内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <!doctype mapper public "-//mybatis.org//dtd mapper 3.0//en" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="com.h3.maper.usermaper"> <!-- 为了返回list 类型而定义的returnmap --> <resultmap type="user" id="resultuser"> <id column="id" property="id" /> <result column="username" property="username" /> <result column="mobile" property="mobile" /> </resultmap> <!-- user 联合 order 查询 方法的配置 (多对一的方式) --> <resultmap id="resultuserorders" type="order"> <id property="orderid" column="order_id" /> <result property="orderno" column="order_no" /> <result property="money" column="money" /> <result property="userid" column="user_id" /> <association property="user" javatype="user"> <id property="id" column="id" /> <result property="username" column="username" /> <result property="mobile" column="mobile" /> </association> </resultmap> <select id="getuserorders" parametertype="int" resultmap="resultuserorders"> select u.*,o.* from `user` u, `order` o where u.id=o.user_id and u.id=#{id} </select> <select id="getuserbyid" resultmap="resultuser" parametertype="int"> select * from user where id=#{id} </select> </mapper>
package com.h3.controller; import java.util.list; import javax.servlet.http.httpservletrequest; import javax.servlet.http.httpservletresponse; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.requestmapping; import org.springframework.web.servlet.modelandview; import com.h3.maper.usermaper; import com.h3.pojo.order; /** * @describe: 读取一个用户下的所有订单 * @author: h3 * @version: v1.0 * @copyright http://www.h3.com */ // http://localhost:8080/mybatis07-spring-mvc/user/orders @controller @requestmapping("/user") public class usercontroller { @autowired usermaper usermaper; @requestmapping("/orders") public modelandview listall(httpservletrequest request,httpservletresponse response){ list<order> orders=usermaper.getuserorders(1); system.out.println("orders"); modelandview mav=new modelandview("user_orders"); mav.addobject("orders",orders); return mav; } }
接下来还需要创建一个 web 页面作为结果输出,在目录 webroot/web-inf/pages 下创建一个名为 user_orders.jsp 文件,其代码如下:
<%@ page language="java" contenttype="text/html; charset=utf-8" pageencoding="utf-8"%> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%> <!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.01 transitional//en" "http://www.w3.org/tr/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>用户订单列表</title> </head> <body> <c:foreach items="${orders}" var="order"> 订单号:${order.orderno },订单总额:${order.money }<br /> </c:foreach> </body> </html>然后启动 myeclipse 中的 tomcat,具体如下图所示:
注:web.xml 还需要配置一下,详细见下载代码。
在浏览器中打开网址:http://localhost:8080/mybatis07-spring-mvc/user/orders,输出结果如下图所示:
工程代码下载:http://pan.baidu.com/s/1bnke8cz
jar 包下载:http://pan.baidu.com/s/1bnyrj9h